The Fight Over Inoculation During the 1721 Boston Smallpox Epidemic
On a November day in 1721, a small bomb was hurled through the window of a local Boston Reverend named Cotton Mather. Attached to the explosive, which fortunately did not detonate, was the message: “Cotton Mather, you dog, dam you! I’ll inoculate you with this; with a pox to you.’’ This was not a religiously motivated act of terrorism, but a violent response to Reverend … Continue reading The Fight Over Inoculation During the 1721 Boston Smallpox Epidemic
The Mosquito Hunters: Perspectives from Vector Biologists in the Harvard-MIT Community
What do you think is the deadliest animal in the world? Sharks? Nope. Snakes? Nope. Humans? Getting closer, but no. Mosquitoes? Ding, Ding, Ding! We have a winner. If you give them credit for malaria and the other diseases that they carry, mosquitoes are responsible for roughly 725,000 deaths annually according to the World Health Organization. Mosquitos are considered “vectors” because they can carry diseases … Continue reading The Mosquito Hunters: Perspectives from Vector Biologists in the Harvard-MIT Community
The Arms Race Between Germs and Medicine: How Superbugs Have Taken the Lead, and How Humans Can Take It Back
A major threat to public health all over the world today is the rise of harmful “superbug” bacteria that are very difficult to kill with antibiotics. One of the most well-known superbugs is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), an especially difficult-to-treat variety of the disease-causing bacteria staph. Although antibiotic-resistant bacteria like MRSA may not receive much media press or popular attention, the illnesses and deaths related … Continue reading The Arms Race Between Germs and Medicine: How Superbugs Have Taken the Lead, and How Humans Can Take It Back
Big Role for Bacteria in Human Population Dynamics?
The age distribution of human populations is unique among animal species. Children remain dependent on their parents for an extended time, and the elderly live long after the end of their reproductive period. Some scientists now speculate that microorganisms may be responsible for this unusual aspect of human nature. To test this idea, researchers created mathematical models of early hunter-gatherer societies and divided each population … Continue reading Big Role for Bacteria in Human Population Dynamics?
New route to the origin of life? Probably not.
From Scientists recreate what may be life’s first spark How did life originate? This puzzle has been studied by scientists for hundreds of years. Authors of a >new paper in PNAS claim to have found a clue: they bombarded a chemical (formamide) found on the earth around the time life arose with high energy laser to simulate a meteor impact. They then looked for and … Continue reading New route to the origin of life? Probably not.
Why do male smokers have higher cancer rates than female smokers?
When it comes to smoking and cancer, men are mysteriously worse off: over 30% of cancer deaths in males are connected to smoking, compared to ~20% in women. It’s not all due to lung cancer either – male smokers also have a higher incidence of non-lung cancers compared to female smokers. Why the difference?. A recent study provides evidence that the answer is related to … Continue reading Why do male smokers have higher cancer rates than female smokers?
Are blood biomarkers the new way to diagnose concussion? Not quite yet, but we’re getting closer.
Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs – the hot new word for concussions) often transition from minor/temporary injuries to major/long-term problems when multiple head traumas occur before the brain fully recovers. The current methods for diagnosis are suboptimal: psychological tests are inconsistent and brain scans are slow, expensive, and often unavailable. Finding a ‘concussion biomarker’ – a protein whose levels quickly rise in the blood following … Continue reading Are blood biomarkers the new way to diagnose concussion? Not quite yet, but we’re getting closer.
An easier way to break down Cellulose for energy?
Humans can’t digest cellulose. Similarly, we’ve found it hard to efficiently break down cellulose in biomass for energy applications, until now. Researchers show a more efficient breakdown of cellulose than current methods that require energy-intensive pretreatment steps to separate the parts that can be easily broken down from those that cannot, consuming more energy than they yield. Here, no pretreatment steps are required. In this … Continue reading An easier way to break down Cellulose for energy?
The Reason for the Season: why flu strikes in winter
“Did you get your flu shot?” If your friends are anything like mine, you heard this question at least a dozen times before Thanksgiving. You probably got your fair share of disdainful looks too, if you answered “No.” But why are we worried about getting the flu shot now and not in May? Why is there a flu season at all? After all, what does … Continue reading The Reason for the Season: why flu strikes in winter
Seeds of poison: new research suggests that the world’s most widely used insecticide is linked to declining bird populations
As children, we learn about one of Nature’s most beautiful and ingenious inventions: the seed. We learn that the coat of a seed provides both protection and nutrition for the fledging plant inside. We learn later in life about the less beautiful truth of commercial seeds. Our modern-day seeds are often covered in a layer of synthetic chemicals, designed to protect the plant from pests … Continue reading Seeds of poison: new research suggests that the world’s most widely used insecticide is linked to declining bird populations